Tribal Gods: Many ancient writers appear to refer to a deity named variously Toutatis, Teutates, Teutenus, Toutiorîxs, and so on. The deity, often called a war-God, is variously identified with Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Apollo. In fact, the term, Toutatîs in the plural, refers to the Gods of tribes and localities. Tribal cults were ubiquitous in ancient Gaul. Every tribe and locality had one, though not all are known today. The list that follows, taken…

Territorial Goddesses: The classification of Toutodêwâs is modern, and my own coinage, taken from Gaulish “Toutâ”, meaning “tribe, chiefdom, small state”, and “dêwâ”, meaning “Goddess.” It refers to the local Goddesses extremely common in Celtic religion, personifications of places and regions, often associated with particular tribes, and even more often associated with the river running through a particular territory. I am also including in this category certain minor Goddesses of particular types of animals and…

1. Meaning of Name: Olmsted suggests “He Who Gives Renewal” “The Youth”, “The Child”, and several other possible translations. Green very tentatively suggests “Wealthy One” or “Cloud Maker”.1 2. Pronunciation: NAWD-ens, the “s” is almost a “ts” sound. 3. Other Names and Epithets: The name was also spelled Nodents, Noudonts, and various other ways. He may also be connected to Olmsted’s reconstructed proto-Celtic divinity Nectonios.2 4. Interpretatio Romana: Mars and Silvanus.3 5. Irish Equivalent: Nuada.4…

1. Meaning of Name: In a rare burst of humor, Kondratiev writes that the name Maponus meant “Superboy, essentially!” Green is more pedestrian, translating the name as “Divine Youth”, or “Divine Son”. Mackillop gives us “Great Son”.1 2. Pronunciation: Map-AWN-us, with the “a” like the “u” in “Gus”, and the “u” like the “u” in “put”. 3. Other Names and Epithets: The Welsh Mabon ap Modron is a later reflection of him. In the Chamaliers…

1. Meaning of Name: Both Olmsted and Mackillop assert that the name means either “eye” or “sun” or both. Green is content to say that the name is “linked philologically with the sun”.1 2. Pronounciation: SUL-is, with the “u” like in “put”. 3. Other names and Epithets: Olmsted gives us Solimara, Sulevia, Sulevias, Suleviae, Sulevis, and Idennica. Noémi Beck disputes this association of the Suleviae, asserting that the etymology of their name is not in…

1. Meaning of Name: Not known. Olmstead tentatively suggests “supporter”.1 2. Pronunciation: AWG-myaws. 3. Other Names and Epithets: None 4. Interpretatio Romana: Hercules.2 5. Irish Equivalent: Oghma.3 6. Indo-European Equivalent: None. Note that the common Neopagan identification of Oghma and Ogmios with the Vedic Fire God Agni has no scholarly support of which I am aware. 7. Realm: Andernados/Under World God 8. Iconography: The Roman poet describes Hercules depicted in Gaul with his Classical lion…